EVM
EVM Formulas: CPI, SPI, EAC, and ETC Step by Step
July 30, 2026 · 10 min read · 📐
Project Example: Road Construction
BAC
$500,000
Total budget
PV
$140,000
Planned to date
EV
$120,000
Work done (budget)
AC
$130,000
Real spend to date
All 8 EVM Formulas
CPI = EV / AC
Cost efficiency index
0.92
Over budget
SPI = EV / PV
Schedule efficiency index
0.86
Behind schedule
CV = EV − AC
Cost variance
-$10,000
Negative (over)
SV = EV − PV
Schedule variance
-$20,000
Negative (behind)
EAC = BAC / CPI
Estimated cost at completion
$541,667
Over budget
ETC = EAC − AC
Remaining cost to complete
$411,667
Remaining spend
VAC = BAC − EAC
Final cost variance
-$41,667
Overrun expected
TCPI = (BAC−EV)/(BAC−AC)
Required future efficiency
1.03
Challenging
Summary Table
| Indicator | Formula | Result | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPI | EV / AC | 0.92 | 🔴 |
| SPI | EV / PV | 0.86 | 🔴 |
| CV | EV − AC | -$10,000 | 🔴 |
| SV | EV − PV | -$20,000 | 🔴 |
| EAC | BAC / CPI | $541,667 | 🔴 |
| ETC | EAC − AC | $411,667 | 🟢 |
| VAC | BAC − EAC | -$41,667 | 🔴 |
| TCPI | (BAC−EV)/(BAC−AC) | 1.03 | 🟢 |
Calculate all 8 EVM formulas automatically